Review of experimental and theoretical status of the proton radius puzzle. Muonic hydrogen and the proton radius puzzle. Proton structure from the measurement of 2S–2P transition frequencies of muonic hydrogen. High-precision determination of the electric and magnetic form factors of the proton. CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006. Observation of exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering in polarized electron beam asymmetry measurements. Measurement of the beam-spin azimuthal asymmetry associated with deeply-virtual Compton scattering. Gauge-invariant decomposition of nucleon spin. Wave functions, evolution equations and evolution kernels from light-ray operators of QCD. Müller, D., Robaschik, D., Geyer, B., Dittes, F.-M. Observed behavior of highly inelastic electron-proton scattering. An SU(3) Model for Strong Interaction Symmetry and its Breaking Version 2, 22–101 (Hadronic Press, 1980).īreidenbach, M. Über die magnetische Ablenkung von Wasserstoffmolekülen und das magnetische Moment des Protons. Collision of α particles with light atoms. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom. Finally, we discuss the forthcoming new generation of refined experiments and theoretical calculations that aim to definitely end the debate on the proton size. We assess the precision and reliability of available experimental data, with particular focus on the most recent results. We provide a brief history of the proton before describing the techniques used to measure its radius and the current status of the field. Is the ‘proton-radius puzzle’ now resolved? In this Review, we scrutinize the experimental studies of the proton radius to gain insight on this issue. Recently, two measurements from electron scattering and ordinary hydrogen spectroscopy were found to agree with the results from muonic atom spectroscopy. Since then, atomic and nuclear physicists have been trying to understand this discrepancy by checking theories, questioning experimental methods and performing new experiments. In 2010, a highly precise measurement of the proton charge radius using, for the first time, muonic hydrogen spectroscopy unexpectedly led to controversy, as the value disagreed with the previously accepted one. The proton charge radius has been measured since the 1950s using elastic electron–proton scattering and ordinary hydrogen atomic spectroscopy.
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